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云与降水过程及其数值模拟  073M4004H

学期:2016-2017学年秋 | 课程属性:专业核心课 | 任课教师:孙继明等
课程编号: 073M4004H 课时: 80 学分: 5.0
课程属性: 专业核心课 主讲教师:孙继明等
英文名称: Cloud physics and numerical simulations

教学目的、要求

本课程为大气科学类研究生的学科基础课。本课程从热力学和大气动力学的角度陈述云的微物理演变过程,并应用数学的方法描述大气中气相,液相以及冰相之间的微物理转换过程。从而使大气科学类的研究生能更加深入地理解和掌握云滴、冰晶和雨滴形成的有关理论,及其目前国际云微物理学界最新的研究进展;并且进一步了解云降水过程在积云模式、中尺度模式以及气候模式中的描述方法。

预修课程

热力学、高等数学

教 材

1.A Short Course in Cloud Physics. Written by R. R. Rogers and M. K. Yau (有PDF复印本)。 2. 云和降水物理,黄美元,徐华英等著。

主要内容

Chapter 1. Thermodynamics of Dry Air (2学时) “教学重点”
1.	 Equation of state for dry air
2.	 The First law of thermodynamics
3.	 Meteorological thermodynamic charts

Chapter 2. Water Vapor and its Thermodynamic Effects (4学时) “教学重点与难点”
1.	 Clausius-Clapeyron equation
2.	 Moist air: its vapor content
3.	 Thermodynamics of unsaturated moist air
4.	 Ways of reaching saturation
5.	 Pseudoadiabatic process
6.	 Adiabatic liquid water content

Chapter 3. Parcel Buoyancy and Atmospheric Stability (2学时) “教学重点”
1.	 Hydrostatic equilibrium and dry adiabatic lapse rate
2.	 Stability criteria for dry air and stability criteria for moist air

Chapter 4. Mixing and Convection (2学时) “教学重点”
1.	 Mixing of air masses
2.	 Convective condensation level and elementary parcel theory

Chapter 5. Observed Properties of Clouds (3学时) “教学重点”
1.	 Sizes of clouds and cloud systems
2.	Microstructure of cumulus clouds
3.	Cloud droplet spectra
4.	Microstructure of stratus clouds
5.	Likelihood of ice and precipitation in clouds
6.	Microstructure of large continental storm clouds

Chapter 6. Formation of Cloud Droplets (2学时) “教学重点与难点”
1.  Cloud condensation nuclei and cloud and precipitation formation
2.  Nucleation of liquid water in water vapor

Chapter 7. Droplet Growth by Condensation (2学时) “教学重点与难点”
1.	 Diffusional growth of a droplet
2.  The growth of droplet populations

Chapter 8. Initiation of Rain in Nonfreezing Clouds(4学时) “教学重点与难点”

1.	 Droplet growth by collision and coalescence
2.	 Statistical growth: the stochastic coalescence equation
3.	 Condensation plus stochastic coalescence

Chapter 9. Cumulus Cloud Dynamics(8学时) “教学重点与难点”
1.	 Dynamic equations for cumulus convections
2.	 Dynamic properties for cumulus convections
3.	 Acoustic wave and gravitational wave 
4.	 Conservation laws for the basic quations
5.	 Acoustic filtering
6.	 Anelastic appoximation
7.	 The new perspective for cloud droplet spectra broadening

Chapter 10. Formation and Growth of Ice Crystals (4学时) “教学重点”
1.	 Nucleation modes for heterogeneous ice nucleation
2.	 Ice multiplication phenomenon (Hallett and Mossop mechanism)
3.	 Diffusion growth of ice crystals
4.	 Further growth by accretion

Chapter 11. Rain and Snow(2学时)
1.	 Drop-size distribution
2.	 Rain drop breakup
3.	 Distribution of snowflakes with size

Chapter 12. Precipitation Processes(2学时)
1.	 Stratiform precipitation
2.	 Precipitation theories
3.	 Mesoscale structure of rain

Chapter 13 Severe Storms and Hail (2学时)
1.	 Life cycle of the thunderstorm cell
2.	 Severe thunderstorms
3.	 Hail growth

Chapter 14. Physical-Process Parameterizations (9学时) “教学重点与难点”

1.	 Background
2.	 Cloud microphysics parameterizations
3.	 Convective parameterizations
4.	 Cloud-cover, or cloudiness, parameterizations

Chapter 15 Cloud Numerical Simulations (12学时) “教学重点与难点”
1.	 Spectra (bin) microphysical cloud models
2.	 Bulk microphysical cloud models
3.	 Large eddy simulations
4.	 Cloud-resolving modelling
5.	 Cloud simulations in climate models
6.	 Aerosol effects on precipitation in numerical simulations

参考文献

云降水物理学,杨军,陈宝君,银燕等著。

授课时间: 星期二, 第5、6、7节
授课地点: 教2-238
授课周次: 2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20

授课时间: 星期五, 第5、6、7节
授课地点: 教2-238
授课周次: 13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20

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